Macrophages can also engulf tumor cells by phagocytosis and further activate T cell response via antigen presenting. Macrophages are phagocytosis cells and present antigens to activate T cells through the binding of major histocompatibility complex II and T‐cell receptors. Monocytes are innate immune cells which can migrate into tissues and differentiate into macrophages in response to inflammatory stimulations and chemotaxis. Innate immunity also plays a crucial role for the activation of adaptive immunity. Human innate and adaptive immune system maintains homeostasis and prevents carcinogenesis. Therefore, the engineered monocytes, via blockage of coinhibitory immune signals by rewiring CD47‐SIRPα axis, can be applied to suppress target tumors for cancer immunotherapy. Furthermore, the injection of iSNAP‐MC into mice bearing human B‐lymphoma tumors led to the suppression of tumor progression. TNFα expression and secretion were also increased in iSNAP‐MΦ. With PMA induction, the iSNAP‐MC‐derived macrophages (iSNAP‐MΦ) showed upregelation in CD86 and CD80, but not CD206. The mRNA expression levels of the monocyte/macrophage markers CD11b, CD14, and CD31 are upregulated in iSNAP‐monocytes (iSNAP‐MC). By using an approach of integrated sensing and activating proteins (iSNAPs), we have rewired the CD47‐SIRPα axis to create iSNAP‐M which activates pathways in engineered human monocytes (iSNAP‐MC). CD47‐SIRPα recognition is a coinhibitory immune signal to inhibit phagocytosis in monocytes and macrophages and has been well‐known as the “Don't eat me” signal. Monocytes are important regulators for the maintenance of homeostasis in innate and adaptive immune system and have been reported to play important role in cancer progression.
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